A positive and negative example of when your memory has affected your ability to learn.

and question number 2 is

How does information stored in your long-term memory affect your critical thinking skills?

Information which is stored in the long-term memory will stay a lot longer than the information which is stored in the short-term memory.

When making observations, our brain tends to depend on the long-term memories to make judgement. Both, long-term memories and critical thinking are methods or reasoning and depend on each other. Whenever a critical thinking is to be made, the brain will depend on the long-term memory.