What is it called when a melody is looped with staggered entrances that when played

together make harmony?

Answer: polyphonic

Polyphonic means many sounds, or two or more independent melodic lines usually with staggered entrances, like a round ... Melody and accompaniment is a kind of homophonic texture, where the tune predominates above a supporting harmony elaborated by arpeggios or a jump-bass pattern rather than a strict chordal arrangement.