Organisms, like bacteria or lichen, that can live on bare rock and form soil are called

Organisms, like bacteria or lichen, that can live on bare rock and form soil are called Pioneer species. In primary succession pioneer species like lichen, algae, bacteria, fungi as well as other abiotic factors like water and wind, start to normalize the habitat. This type of successions begins on rock formations, such as mountains or volcanoes, or in a place with no organisms or soil.