The process of transducing air pressure waves into neural messages that the brain interprets as meaningful sound is known as

Hearing.

The process of hearing starts by pressure waves that are captured by our ears and taken inside the ear by the ear canal reaching firstly the ear drum. The ear drum then vibrates according to the pressure waves that were captured making the acicular (a set of 3 little bones) enter in motion. This vibrations then move from the acicular to the inner ear. Within the inner ear we can find the cochlea which is where this mechanical waves are converted into electrical signals and then passed to the brain. The auditory cortex of the brain then interprets this signals as sounds and gives them meaning.