People with chronic kidney disease (ckd) have impaired immune responses due to high levels of urea and metabolic wastes in the blood. what is one thing missing in the immune response when a person with ckd is exposed to sick people?

Chronic kidney disease, also known as chronic renal failure, chronic renal disease or chronic kidney failure, is a type of kidney disease in which there is a gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years. There are no symptoms early on the disease but as it progresses there is leg swelling, feeling of tiredness, vomiting, loss of appetite, or confusion. Our kidney, to give an overview, are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They function as filter of waste products in the blood, involve in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance and red blood cell production in the body. These wastes filtered by the kidneys are excreted in the urine. During disease of the kidney, especially in its advance stage, there is a dangerous build up of waste and fluids inside the body. There are several common signs and symptoms to watch out and these include: anemia, blood in the urine, dark urine, decreased mental alertness, decreased urine output, edema (fluid collection in feet, hands and ankles), fatigue, hypertension, insomnia, persistent itchy skin, loss of appetite, erectile dysfunction, more frequent urination (especially during night time), muscle cramps and twitches, pain on the side or mid to lower back, panting, protein in the urine, sudden change in body weight, unexplained headaches, nausea and vomiting. Along with these above-mentioned signs and symptoms, there is eventually impaired immune responses in patients with CKD due uremia. Patients with CKD are at high risk for infectious complications similar to other other acquired immune defects. A high incidence of infection is found in uremic patients and infections is the second most frequent cause of death. There is an impaired cellular responses in CKD, an evidence of T cell defect. T cell is a type of white blood cell that is important in the immune system and the core of adaptive immunity. They are also called T lymphocytes ("T" stands for thymus where T calls mature). These T cells are like soldiers who search out and destroy target invaders. Patients on hemodialysis (medical procedure to remove fluid and waste products from the blood and to correct electrolyte imbalances) had lymphopenia (having abnormally low levels of lymohocytes in the blood) with diminished number of T4 and T8 lymphocytes. These low levels of lymphocytes (lymphopenia) causes immunodefieciency in patients with CKD, hence if these patients are exposed to sick people, they will eventually acquire the illness (or even the worse type).