What condition occurs if there is decreased kidney elimination of hydrogen ions or increased production of acidic substances through metabolism?

The correct answer is metabolic acidosis.

Metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when there are excessive quantities of acid in the body. Another cause is when the kidneys are not removing enough acid (H+) from the body because of the inability to form bicarbonate (HCO3-). Metabolic acidosis can lead to acidemia (low blood pH).