In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process of fertilization where an oocyte (egg) is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass"). a. Outline the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF). b. Discuss the ethical issues surrounding IVF. What are the positive aspects of the procedure? What are the possible negative aspects?

a. The in-vitro fertilization is a process which involves the fertilization of the eggs extracted from the female donor or expecting mother, and retrieving the sperm from the father or donor, then manually combining the egg and sperm in the laboratory in a glass dish under controlled laboratory conditions. The embryo develops through this process is inserted into the uterus of mother.

b. The following are the ethical issues associated with the in-vitro fertilization.

1. The destruction of the human embryos that are not used for the purpose of implantation.

2. The possibility of relationship disturbance and dispute between partners as the woman has conceived the embryo of other male other than the husband.

3. The chances of multiple births associated with the IVF are becoming common.

c. The positive aspects of the procedure includes:

1. It can be considered as a fertility treatment suitable for women of all age groups.

2. The treatment increases the chance of delivery of healthy infant.

3. The person can use donated eggs and sperms while being infertile for conceiving a fetus.

d. The negative aspects of the procedure includes, the egg retrieval which increases the risk of bleeding, damage caused to the bowel, infection in the bowel and the bladder. The chances of multiple pregnancy are also associated with this treatment.