Is it the male or female that determines the sex of a zygote? Based on chromosomes, how do we know this to be true

The male

Explanation:

A female always gives one X chromosome, a male can give either an X or a Y. If a zygote receives an X from its father and another X from its mother, it will be female. If a zygote receives a Y from its father and an X from its mother it will be male. Because the mother only has one option of chromosome to give, her chromosomes will not effect the gender of the zygote.