Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the information encoded on the genes in their DNA to synthesize proteins. How does the process of translation in prokaryotes differ from translation in eukaryotes?

Question

Biology

Cristal Chase

20 August, 09:30

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the information encoded on the genes in their DNA to synthesize proteins. How does the process of translation in prokaryotes differ from translation in eukaryotes?

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Gianna Heath · Answer 1

The differences in the translation of eukaryotes and prokaryotes is:

In eukaryotes the 1st amino acid to be incorporated into the nascent protein is methionine. In prokaryotes is N-Formylmethionine / valine. The binding region of mRNA to the minor ribosome subunit in eukaryotes is Terminal cap (7 metiguanosine). In prokaryotes is the Shine-Dalgarno Region. The ribosomes where eukaryotic translation occurs is 80S (40S + 60S). In prokaryotes it is 70S (30S + 50S).

Explanation:

Translation is a process in which the message contained in the mRNA molecule will be read by ribosomes, decoding the nucleic acid language to the protein language. As in replication and transcription, translation has differences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. These differences are:

In eukaryotes the 1st amino acid to be incorporated into the nascent protein is methionine. In prokaryotes is N-Formylmethionine / valine. The binding region of mRNA to the minor ribosome subunit in eukaryotes is Terminal cap (7 metiguanosine). In prokaryotes is the Shine-Dalgarno Region. The ribosomes where eukaryotic translation occurs is 80S (40S + 60S). In prokaryotes it is 70S (30S + 50S).