What are the functions of the three major forms of RNA (ribosomal RNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA) ?

Ribosomal RNA: Structural part of ribosomes

Messenger RNA: Carry genetic information from DNA to proteins

Transfer RNA (tRNA) : Transport amino acids to protein synthesizing complex.

Explanation:

Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. The catalytic activity for the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis resides the RNA of ribosomes.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed by the process of transcription during which the nucleotide sequence of the template DNA strand is copied into that of the RNA. The mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis. The nucleotide sequence of mRNA is read in the form of genetic codes to specify the amino acid sequence of a protein. In this way, the genetic information stored in DNA is carried to the proteins.

During the process of protein synthesis, tRNAs carry amino acids to the mRNA-ribosome complex so that the amino acids are incorporated into the polypeptide. For the purpose, there is a tRNA with a specific anticodon sequence for a particular amino acid.