Which of the following is regarded as a density-independent factor in the growth of natural populations? a) emigrationb) intra-specific competitionc) predationd) inter-specific competitione) flooding

Flooding.

Explanation:

Density independent factors exert their influences on population size, and cause erratic shifts on population size. Small population generally at the risk of being wiped out by the density independent factors.

Some examples of these factor includes natural disasters (such as floods, earthquake, and tornados), fires, and pollution effects. The chances of dying of density independent factors not depends on how many individuals are presented in the population.