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17 October, 10:59

Phase II drug degradation reactions involves linking of conjugates to the drugs are ___

A) Glutathione

B) Glycine

C) Both (a) & (b)

D) None of these

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Answers (1)
  1. 17 October, 13:37
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    Hi!

    The answer is (C) Both (a) and (b)

    Explanation:

    Drug Metabolism:

    Drug metabolism is divided into two steps: Phase 1 and Phase 2 reactions. Phase 1 reactions involve the degradation or formation of functional groups. Phase 2 reactions involve the conjugation of the drug or its Phase 1 intermediate with a polar conjugating molecule. Phase 2 generally performs the detoxification step in the drug degradation process. Phase 2 or conjugation reactions are further divided into 2 types: Type 1: Glucoronidation and sulfonation: An activated conjugating molecule such as glucoronic acid, sulfate or glutathione etc. is combined with the drug to form a conjugated molecule. Type 2: Amino acid conjugation: An activated drug or substrate is conjugated with an amino acid such as glycine or glutamine.

    Glutathione Conjugation:

    Glutathione is a tripeptide found in most tissues, particularly in the liver. It performs important detoxification functions for all cells. The enzyme, glutathione S-transferase conjugates glutathione with drug intermediates to form a drug-glutathione conjugate. This conjugate can easily be excreted through bile or urine.

    Amino acid Conjugation:

    This is an important reaction in xenobiotic biotransformation; particularly for xenobiotics with carboxylic group or an aromatic hydroxylamine groups. Drug intermediates combine with glycine or glutamine to form an amino acid conjugate.
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