How do living systems control the movement of materials into and out of cells?

by a process called diffusion osmosis and active transport.

Explanation:

diffusion : movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration down to ge concentration gradient

osmosis: movement of water from higher water potential to a lower water potential through a partially permiable memberane

active transport: movement of ions from a lower concentration to a higher concentration against concentration gradient using energy from respiration