What modern process is thought to be similar to the way crust formed before plate tectonics began? The principles of convection currents. The formation of the Hawaiian Islands. The formation of the Isua greenstone. The principles of accretion.

Why are grassland and forest soils good for farming? A. There is not enough rainfall to promote chemical weathering or retaining nutrients. B. A layer of permafrost prevents the decay of organic material that enriches the soil. C.

Define pathogenicity and virulence.

In a hypotonic solution, water will move___the cell, causing the cell to ___. A. Into; shrivel B. Out of; lyse/swell C. Out of; shrivel D. Into; lyse/swell

Orchid seeds are tiny, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule cotyledons. If such seeds are deposited in a dark, moist environment, then which of the following represents the most likely means by which fungi might assist in seed germination,

The protection of something so that it will not be destroyed

Increase of greenhouse gases, due to human activity, is melting sea ice at the poles. This causes changes in climate. Name three Earth spheres which interact in this process. Justify your answer.

In the final stage of the oxidation of food molecules, a gradient of protons is formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is normally impermeable to protons.

What is the probability that a colorblind male and a normal female will have a colorblind son?

Wind can transport particles of many different sizes. What sized particles are probably carried the farthest by the wind?

A country that has been relatively poor is starting to become wealthier. This has brought many people into the capital city, causing the population to grow very rapidly.