The type of hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies directed against target antigens on specific host cell surfaces or tissues is also known as which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type II Hypersensitivity

Explanation:

Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses that are detrimental to the host and Type II Hypersensitivity is also known as antibody-mediated hypersensitivity.

This type of hypersensitivity reaction involves humoral immunity and it occurs when IgM or IgG antibodies bind to cell surface antigens which lead to complement activation or IgG/FcγR interaction.

Clinical manifestations of Type II hypersensitivity responses include trans - fusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, autoimmune reactions to cellular antigens or tissues and hyperacute rejection of transplanted tissue.