g Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the information encoded on the genes in their DNA to synthesize proteins. How does the process of translation in prokaryotes differ from translation in eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic translation Eukaryotic translation

1. The mRNA of Prokaryotic translation is monocistronic while the mRNA of Eukaryotic translation is known to be polycistronic.

2. In Prokaryotic translation, transcription and translation occurs at the same time in the cytoplasm while transcription occurs at the nucleus, as translation is seen at the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic translation

3. Prokaryotic translation do not undergo post-transcriptional modification, prior its translation of mRNA. Eukaryotic translation produces pre-mRNA from transcription as it undergo modification into mRNA before it's being transported to the cytoplasm for translation.

4. Prokaryotic translation its simple with only one initiation mechanism and a few amount of factors for the whole translation Unlike Euaryotic translation that possess two initiation mechanisms: cap - dependent and cap-independent plus varying factors and enzymes for the whole translation.

5

Prokaryotes can translate 20 amino acids per second and requires 2 release factors-RF1 and RF2

Eukaryotes can translate only one amino acid per second and requires only one release factor-eRF1

6

Post-translational modification takes place in the cytoplasm.

It can take place in Endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi bodies or cytoplasm