genes located on homologous chromosomes may have alternate forms that control different forms of a trait.

Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes - one from the mother and one from the father - that pair within a cell during meiosis, which occurs in sexual reproduction. They have the same arrangement of the DNA sequence from one end to another, but different alleles. These copies of chromosome have the same genes in the same loci where they provide tips along each chromosome which facilitates a pair of chromosomes to properly align with each other before they separate during meiosis. This is the foundation of Mendel's laws which characterize the ornaments of the inheritance of genetic material of an organism to its descendants. They exist within diploid eukaryotic organisms.