Someone who suddenly loses the ability to identify objects by feeling them has probably suffered damage to what area of the cerebral cortex?

Parietal lobe.

Explanation:

The brain and spinal constitute the central nervous system of the body. The human brain is divided into the three main parts known as forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.

The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the mammalian brain. The parietal lobe is located behind the frontal lobe and mainly involves in the sensory information of the body. The identification of the different objects is also controlled by the parietal lobe.

Thus, the answer is parietal lobe.