Which of the following is NOT an exotic species that has caused unforeseen ecological disruption where it has been introduced, whether accidentally or deliberately?

All of the above have caused ecological disruption

Explanation:

Ecological disruption can be described as a kind of disturbance, whether of biological or non-biological origin which affects the pattern of a particular ecosystem. Disruptions might be caused due to factors such as weather changes or biotic factors such as the invasion of a predator species which disrupts the whole food web of an ecosystem. Any new species, when introduced in a stable ecosystem, will cause disruption in some way or the other.