Consider the clinical scenario: Semen is very low in volume and the sperm cells have difficulty with motility because there isn't enough of an energy supply to power their flagella. Which of the following accessory glands of male reproduction may be malfunctioning? Check all that apply

Seminal vesicle

Prostate

Bulbourethral glands

Thymus gland

Adrenal glands

Seminal vesicle

Explanation:

Seminal vesicle secretes an alkaline and viscous fluid that constitutes about 60% of the volume of semen. The fluid secreted by seminal vesicle contains fructose which is a monosaccharide sugar, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins. The alkaline nature of the seminal fluid neutralizes the acidic environment of the male urethra and the female reproductive tract. This is required as the acidic conditions inactivate and kill sperm.

The fructose sugar serves a fuel for ATP production by sperm. Prostaglandins are responsible for sperm motility and viability as they stimulate smooth muscle contractions within the female reproductive tract. Therefore, a malfunctioning seminal vesicle would result in low semen volume and reduced motility due to the scarcity of energy.