How do our sensory systems transfer information from our environment to the brains to be interpreted through the complex process of perception?

The incoming stimuli are converted into the electrochemical signals and are delivered to the central nervous system in form of nerve impulses for perception and interpretation.

Explanation:

The sensory receptors sense the incoming stimuli such as a change in light intensity or temperature. This stimulates the receptors. A sensory receptor converts the energy in the stimulus into a graded potential. This process is called transduction. For example, olfactory receptors of nose transduce the chemical energy of the odorant molecules into electrical energy in the form of a graded potential.

As a graded potential in a sensory neuron reaches a threshold, a nerve impulse is generated and is propagated toward the CNS for integration and perception.