Which is not characteristics of all mammals?

a. a four-chambered heart that prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

b. giving birth to live young (viviparous)

c. having hair during at least some period of life

d. having glands for produce nourishing milk for offspring

e. having a diaphragm to assist in ventilating the lungs

b. giving birth to live young (viviparous)

Explanation:

Monotremes include duck-billed platypus and few other mammalian species that are oviparous. These mammalian species do not give birth to young ones, that is, they are not viviparous. Rather they lay eggs and are oviparous.

These species are also characterized by the absence of teeth. The primitive monotremes also exhibit external fertilization.

Examples of egg-laying mammals include anteaters or echidnas and the duck-billed platypus. The laid eggs are carried by females in an abdominal ouch to keep them warm.