Which of the following is NOT characteristic of adolescence?

a. identity versus confusion

b. formal operational stage of cognitive development

c. preconventional level of moral development

d. growth spurt

B. Formal operational stage of cognitive development

Preconventional morality: It is the earliest stage of moral development around nine years, the rules are external imposed by authority figures and seek to avoid punishment or receive a reward.

Conventional morality: In this second phase most adolescents and adults, individuals learn about rules and authority, which govern how they should or should not behave, in addition to learning to obey them.

The answer is: c. Preconventional level of moral development.