Which of the following organisms could not produce an exotoxin?

Select one:

a. Escherichia coli

b. Staphylococcus aureus

c. Clostridium botulinum

d. Ebola virus

e. all of the above could produce an exotoxin

Letter d. Evola virus could not produce an exotoxin

Explanation:

Viruses are acellular particles carrying genetic material only for their reproduction. None of the viruses produces toxins, viruses atack by altering the normal function of the host cell. In the other hand, bacteria involve in alimentary infections like E. coli, S. aureus and C. botulinum produce exotoxins to attack the host cells to colonize and start an infection. The exotoxin is too potent that alter the function of the intestinal cells before the immune system recognize the bacteria.