When a single parent simply replicates its DNA and then divides, what occurs?

That describes a reproduction process called mitosis. The parent cell doules its DNA and then divide in 2 two each contain the same number of chromossomes as the parent cell.

The process of binary fission will occur.

Explanation: Binary fission is the example of asexual reproduction in which only one parent is involved in reproduction. The genetic material of cell is simply divide into two DNA molecules. Then these DNA molecules are divide, making to identical cells. These cell then replicate to form 2 cells each. This type of fission is done in prokaryotes like bacteria.