How does convention occur in the troposphere

The troposphere is the region that covers a vertical height of about 10-15 km from the surface of the earth. In this region as the height increases, temperature decreases. This means that within the troposphere, the temperature and height are inversely proportional to each other.

The different parts of the earth receive different amounts of sunlight. The land area gets heated up more readily in comparison to the oceans because it directly absorbs the heat energy. Whereas the surface of the ocean acts as a reflector, reflecting heat. So it warms and cools at a much slower rate. Due to this unequal heating of the earth's surface, the wind is generated.

The air molecules are densely packed near the earth's surface and loosely packed in the upper part of the troposphere. So due to the high heat, the air near the surface gets heated up, becomes less dense and rises up. As it reaches the upper part of the troposphere, it eventually cools and sinks. This continuous motion of air molecules forms a convection current within the troposphere region.

Convection causes heating in troposphere because it drops in temperature with altitude, but has a relatively high density of air. The stratosphere has no weather because convection cannot happen because the air gets hotter in this layer as you go up in altitude.