Assuming that the genes are on separate chromosomes, an organism with the genotype AaBb will make gametes in the following proportions: 1/4 AB, 1/4 Ab, 1/4 aB, and 1/4 ab. What process produces such results?

Random distribution and separation of homologous chromosomes

Explanation:

Random distribution of chromosome pairs occurs during metaphase I of meiosis where the chromosome pairs align randomly and independently of each other. Then during anaphase I of meiosis there is random distribution of the chromosome pairs, where they split into chromosomes.

This process repeats itself during metaphase II and anaphase II, the only difference being that chromsomes align randomly and they split into chromatids.

The gametes are formed by chance. Therefore this process allows genetic variation that could increase the survival of the offspring.