Figure 17-3 shows smaller and larger beaks in a population of finches. One group of birds has a short, parrot-like beak and another group has a long, narrow beak. What process has probably occurred?

disruptive selection

Explanation:

The question above shows a situation resulting from the disruptive selection process.

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that allows individuals with more extreme characteristics to be favored by the environment and end up having a better chance of surviving and generating descendants. Individuals with intermediate characteristics end up being disadvantaged and have less chance of survival.

In relation to the question above, we can say that the short-beaked birds will have greater facilities in breaking seeds and therefore will be favored. Long-billed birds will find it easier to reach worms for food. On the other hand, medium-billed birds (intermediate characteristics) will be less favored both in hunting worms and in breaking hard seeds.

Natural selection has occured, and through evolution, the finches have evolved to adapt to their surroundings.