What are the physiological reactions to stress in the alarm stage

Physiological reactions to stress in the alarm stage include: increased heart rate and blood pressure, dilated pupils, rapid and shallow breath, and increased cortisol levels.

Explanation:

Hans Seyle, a medical doctor proposed a model called the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to explain the effects and stages of coping with the stress. The GAS model has three stages, known as:

1. Alarm stage

2. Resistance stage

3. Exhaustion stage

The alarm stage is the first stage of responding to stress. During this stage, the fight-or-flight response is activated when an individual is experiencing stress. This stage involves the following physiological reactions:

1. Increased heart rate

2. Increased blood pressure

3. Dilated pupils

4. Rapid and shallow breath

5. Increased cortisol levels