Prokaryotes can take up genetic material from each other without reproducing or even being closely related in a phenomenon called

A. parasitism.

B. abiogenesis.

C. ribosomal uptake.

D. horizontal gene transfer.

C. Ribosomal uptake

(D). horizontal gene transfer.

Explanation:

HGT (horizontal gene transfer) is a process of lateral gene transfer, which involves transfer of genetic material between organisms other than from parent to offspring.

In prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer occurs through conjugation, transduction, and transformation.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.