Which of these is the second of the three stages of cell signaling?

a gene activation

b reception

c binding of a neurotransmitter to a plasma membrane receptor

d transduction

e cell response

d transduction

Explanation:

Cell signaling can be divided into three phases:

1. Reception - This is a stage in which receptor on the target cell receives the signal (ligand binds to receptor). Receptors might be located on the target cell (cell membrane) or inside the cell (nucleus)

2. Transduction - This is a phase in which signal molecule triggers the receptor of the target cell (receptor changes, e. g. it changes its conformation). Transduction is usually multistep process.

3. Response - Each signal received by the target cell trigger a specific cellular response. It can be some kind of metabolic cellular activity or different gene expression.