Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession

The statement is true

Explanation:

Primary succession is a sequences of events that occur where no ecosystem previously existed. On the other hand, secondary succession is a type of ecological succession that exists on a pre-existing soil, it can happen from events such as hurricanes, fires, tsunamis, earthquakes, etc. These kinds of events modify the population of an ecosystem but not it all. So we can say that secondary succession can happen after or without a primary succession.

Primary succession is a situation where no living organism have been existing in a place which takes place when there's one of the following: earthquake, flood, volcanic erosion etc while secondary succession is a situation where by an living organism have lived in a place but leaves either for one reason or another for example during the time of war