How should you test a hypothesis? How should you test a hypothesis?

by writing a mathematical equation

by making a single observation

by performing a controlled experiment

by answering a series of questions

Analyze sample data. Test statistic. When the null hypothesis involves a mean or proportion, use either of the following equations to compute the test statistic ... P-value. The P-value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme as the test statistic, assuming the null hypotheis is true.