Nucleotide bases bonded to a sugar phosphate backbone make up

genes.

chromosomes.

DNA.

RNA.

Nucleotide bases bonded to a Sugar phosphate backbone forms DNA. The DNA combines with Proteins (nucleosomes) to form Chromosomes.

on a side note if the Nucleotide is Ribonucleotide it makes RNA and if it is Deoxyribonucleotide then it will form DNA.

Chromosome

The homologous chromosomes have the same genes in common. Each cell has at least two sets of chromosomes which one comes from one’s father also called as paternal chromosome and mother, called as the maternal chromosomes. These chromosomes are what makes the child obtain the characters and may depend on the traits the parents possess. Homologous chromosomes are not duplicated chromosomes or identical however, they are analogous or similar. The alleles for a specific characteristics isn’t the same but the same genes are in the same order.