Who is responsible for the chromosome theory, which says that genes of inheritance are in specific locations on a chromosome.

The correct answer is Walter Stanborough Sutton, a famous scientist from the 19th and early 20th century. He is famous for what you described, also known as the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory, but what is the worst part is that he died young so his work was never fully done and god knows what he might have achieved in his life.