Can someone explain the process of RNA editing?

The process of RNA editing is the alteration of the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA after it has been transcribed from DNA, but before it is translated into a protein. RNA editing occurs by two distinct mechanisms:Substitution editing and Insertion/deletion editing.

Substitution editing is the chemical alteration of individual nucleotides. These alterations are catalyzed by enzymes that recognize a specific target sequence of nucleotides:

*Cytidine Deaminases that convert a C in the RNA to uracil.

*adenosine deaminases that convert an A to inosine, which the ribosome translates as a G. Thus a CAG codon (for Gln) can be converted to a CGG codon (for Arg).

*Insertion/deletion editing is the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in an RNA.

These alterations are mediated by guide RNA molecules that base-pair as best they can with the RNA to be edited and serve as a template for the addition (or removal) in the target.