Which of the following can act as a planning and controlling tool?

A. Quality management principles

B. Profitability ratios

C. Budgets

D. Liquidity ration

I believe the answer is C. budgets

Budget is a set of estimation of potential income and expenditures that could happen within a certain period.

This could be us as a planning to determine which strategy/approach that the company could use and used as controlling tools in order to maintain so the operational feed do not exceed what it suppose to be.