Which of the following is false? Economists who advocate discretionary monetary policy argue that it is more likely to achieve the desired economic results because the monetary authority has the flexibility to shape the best monetary policy to the existing circumstances. Here is an example of zero crowding out: The government spends $100 more and the private sector doesn't spend any less. Here is an example of complete crowding out: The government spends $100 more and the private sector spends $100 less. Not all economists believe that rule-based monetary policy is preferable to discretionary monetary policy. none of the above

Answer: None of the above

Explanation:

All of the above are correct.

For option A, Economists who advocate discretionary monetary policy do indeed believe that the monetary authority using this policy is more flexible to shape the best monetary policy to the existing circumstances.

Option B is also correct because Crowding out occurs when the government increases investment by borrowing which leaves less money for the private sector to borrow so they spend less. The government spent money here yet the private sector did not spend less so it is Zero Crowing out.

Option C by option B's explanation holds true because the entire amount the Government increased by was denied the private sector.

Option D is also true as not all Economists prefer rule-based monetary policy to discretionary monetary policy.

They are all true.