What were the economic changes that revolutionized manufacturing in the eighteenth century and led to the factory system?

The industrial revolution affected the whole global economy, social relations, and culture.

The industrial revolution changed how goods were manufactured, and it all started with the European accumulation of capital and the invention of the steam engine.

The two major sources of energy were coal and oil that were used to power steam engines that moved machinery using water steam. That led to work specialization and urbanization (people moving into large urban areas).

The industrial revolution first started in northwestern Europe, but it then spread to the US, Russia and Japan. The global economy developed new patterns of global trade and production between nations that produced resources and those that processed them and produced goods.

Exporting economies grew around the world because of the need for exporting both raw materials and food supplies from resource producing nations, and the need for exporting finished goods form industrialized nations.