Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges?

Mercantilism

Explanation:

The idea of mercantilism is to use trade with the colonies for the benefit of the home country.

This is the economic policy that dominated Europe in the 17th, 18th and part of the 19th century.

For example, the Spanish Empire did not allow intercolonial trade, say, between New Spain (Mexico) and New Granada (Colombia). It only allowed trade between Spain and New Spain, and Spain and New Granada. This with the goal of maximizing the amount of gold and silver in the home country.