how much heat is required to change the temperature of 10 grams of water from 4 degrees Celsius to 8 degrees celsius?

0.167 kJ

Explanation:

The rise in the temperature of a substance or a material caused by absorbing the heat energy is given in an equation Q = m x c x ∆T, where:

Q is an amount of heat absorbed (in Joules)

m is the mass of the substance (in kilograms)

c is specific heat capacity (amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius)

∆T is the difference in the temperature

So, m=10g which is 0.01kg; ∆T is 8°C - 4°C = 4°C; and c for water is constant value and is equal to 4186 J/kg C.

Now it's easy to calculate the amount of energy: Q=0.01x4186x4 which equals to 167.44 J, which is approximately 0.167 kJ