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28 June, 07:01

You find a little bit (0.150g) of a chemical marked Tri-Nitro-Toluene. Upon complete combustion in oxygen, you collect 0.204 g of CO2 and 0.030 g H2O (we'll assume that these are the products, along with nitrogen). TNT is made up solely of C, H, O, and N, and it contains 18.5% nitrogen by mass. The empirical formula of TNT is;

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  1. 28 June, 10:12
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    The empirical formula is C7H5N3O6

    Explanation:

    Step 1: Data given

    Mass of sample = 0.150 grams

    Mass of CO2 = 0.204 grams

    Molar mass CO2 = 44.01 g/mol

    Mass of H2O = 0.030 grams

    Molar mass H2O = 18.02 g/mol

    Molar mass C = 12.01 g/mol

    Molar mass H = 1.01 g/mol

    Molar mass O = 16.0 g/mol

    Step 2: Calculate moles CO2

    Moles CO2 = mass CO2 / molar mass CO2

    Moles CO2 = 0.204 grams / 44.01 g/mol

    Moles CO2 = 0.00464 moles

    Step 3: Calculate moles C

    For 1 mol CO2 we have 1 mol C

    For 0.00464 moles we have 0.00464 moles C

    Step 4: Calculate mass C

    Mass C = 0.00464 moles * 12.01 g/mol

    Mass C = 0.0557 grams

    Step 5: Calculate moles H2O

    Moles H2O = 0.030 grams / 18.02 g/mol

    Moles H2O = 0.00166 moles

    Step 6: Calculate moles H

    For 1 mol H2O we have 2 moles H

    For 0.00166 moles H2O we have 2 * 0.00166 = 0.00332 moles H

    Step 7: Calculate mass H

    Mass H = 0.00332 moles * 1.01 g/mol

    Mass H = 0.00335 grams

    Step 8: Calculate mass N

    Mass N = 0.185 * 0.150 grams

    Mass N = 0.02775 grams

    Step 9: Calculate moles N

    Moles N = 0.02775 grams / 14.0 g/mol

    Moles N = 0.00198 moles

    Step 10: Calculate mass O

    Mass O = 0.150 grams - 0.02775 - 0.00335 - 0.0557

    Mass O = 0.0632 grams

    Step 11: Calculate moles O

    Moles O = 0.0632 grams / 16.0 g/mol

    Moles O = 0.00395 moles

    Step 11: Calculate mol ratio

    We divide by the smallest amount of moles

    C: 0.00464 moles / 0.00198 moles = 2.33

    H: 0.00332 moles / 0.00198 moles = 1.66

    N: 0.00198 moles / 0.00198 moles = 1

    O: 0.00395 moles / 0.00198 moles = 2

    For 1 mol N we have 2.33 moles C, 1.66 moles H and 2 moles O

    OR

    For 3 moles N we have 7 moles C, 5 moles H and 6 moles O

    The empirical formula is C7H5N3O6
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