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28 January, 12:09

Apply the given electronegativities to each bond in the examples below to see which are polar and which are nonpolar. Multiple bonds are treated the same as single bonds.

H-O-H

O-C-O

H-C-N

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Answers (2)
  1. 28 January, 13:03
    0
    H-O-H is polar

    O-C-O is non polar

    H-C-N is polar

    Explanation:

    H-O-H

    The electronegativity value of H is 2.1 and the Electronegavity value for O is 3.5 which makes the electronegativity difference of 1.4. O has 2 lone pair of electrons which makes the shape non - linear and polar.

    O-C-O

    The bond between C and O is a double bond. The Electronegativity of O is 3.5 while the Electronegativity value for C is 2.5 which gives the electronegativity difference of 1.0. There are no lone pairs on carbon and the dipole or partial charges on carbon and oxygen cancels out making O-C-O non-polar.

    H-C-N

    The Electronegativity value of H is 2.1, electronegativity value for C is 2.5 and the electronegativity value for N is 3.0 which makes the molecule to develop partial positive charge on H and partial negative charge on the C-N making the compound polar.
  2. 28 January, 15:20
    0
    H-O-H polar

    O-C-O nonpolar

    H-C-N polar

    Explanation:

    Looking up the electronegativities of the atoms involved in this question, we have:

    Atom Electronegativity

    H 2.2

    C 2.55

    N 3.04

    O 3.44

    All of the atoms differ in electronegativity resulting in individual dipole moments in H-O, O-C, H-C and C-N bonds. To find if the molecules will be polar we need to consider the structure of the compound to see if there is a resultant dipole moment.

    In H-O-H, we have 2 lone pairs of electrons around the central oxygen atom which push the angle H-O-H of the ideal tetrahedral structure to be smaller than 109.5 º resulting in an overall dipole moment making it polar.

    In O-C-O, we have two dipole moments that exactly cancel each other in the linear molecule since the central carbon atom does not have lone pairs of electrons since it has 2 double bonds. Therefore the molecule is nonpolar.

    In H-C-N, again we have have a central carbon atom without lone pairs of electrons and the shape of the molecule is linear. But, now we have that the dipole moment in C-N is stronger than the H-C dipole because of the difference in electronegativity of nitrogen compared to hydrogen. The molecule has an overall dipole moment and it is polar.
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