What are the 4 main components to scientific thinking?

"Observation and description of a phenomenon. The observations are made visually or with the aid of scientific equipment.

Formulation of a hypothesis to explain the phenomenon in the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation.

Test the hypothesis by analyzing the results of observations or by predicting and observing the existence of new phenomena that follow from the hypothesis. If experiments do not confirm the hypothesis, the hypothesis must be rejected or modified (Go back to Step 2).

Establish a theory based on repeated verification of the results."