The current model of the atom in which essentially all of an atom's mass is contained in a very small nucleus, whereas most of an atom's volume is due to the space in which the atom's electrons move was established by OA) Millikan's oil drop experiment B) Rutherford's gold foil experiment C) Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment. D) None of these

B) Rutherford's gold foil experiment

Explanation:

Rutherford's gold foil experiment

Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he took a thin gold particle film on which he passes alpha - particles. He noticed that:

Most of the alpha particles get through the film and can be detected by the detector.

Around small portion of the alpha particle deflected at small angles.

A very very few alpha particle (approximately 1 out of 1 million alpha particles) just retraced their path which means come back from the center.

He concluded that:

Most of the space of the atom is empty and in the center of the atom, there is solid mass which is the cause of the alpha particles to come back. He gave the term nucleus to this solid mass.