In biological systems, there are several membrane transport systems responsible for the passage of ions like Na + and K +, or small molecules like glucose and amino acids, through biological membranes. Classify each membrane transport system as either a primary active transporter, a secondary active transporter, or a passive transporter.

Active transport is a type of cell transport by which dissolved molecules move through the cell membrane, from an area of lower solute concentration to a higher concentration zone.

Explanation:

The primary active transport is the one that directly uses a chemical energy source (ATP) to move the molecules through a membrane against its gradient. An important example is the sodium-potassium pump. The sodium-potassium pump is a membrane protein that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. To carry out this transport, the pump needs the energy coming from the ATP.

The secondary active transport is the one that uses the energy stored in the cell, this energy is different from the ATP. The indicated energy of the gradients generated by the primary active transport can be used to transport other molecules against their concentration gradient, such as increasing the concentration of sodium ions due to the operation of the sodium-potassium pump, An electrochemical gradient is generated by the difference in concentration of this ion on both sides of the membrane. Under these conditions, sodium ions vary in favor of their concentration gradient and return to the interior of the cell through transporter proteins.

If the transport of these molecules does not require energy, the transport is said to be passive, and favors the movement of substances in the direction of their concentration gradients (Glucose absorption, insulin action)