2. What happens during ionic bonding?

The valence electrons are transferred

Explanation:

Let's take NaCl (sodium chloride) for example. Sodium has 1 valence electron while chlorine has 7 valence electrons. You can find this information on the periodic table. Now the sodium atom loses that electron and becomes a sodium ion while chlorine gains that electron and becomes a chlorine ion. Since sodium loses that one valence electron, it has more protons than electrons, meaning it has a 1 + charge, since there's one more protons than electrons. Similarly, the chloride ion has a 1 - charge since the chlorine gains an electron. Notice that if we combine the chloride ion and the sodium ion, the total charge becomes one because - 1+1=0. Therefore, NaCl becomes sodium chloride and ionic bonds are the transfer of valence electrons