Explain ph valore through testing

pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH scale usually ranges from 0 to 14. Aqueous solutions at 25°C with a pH less than 7 are acidic, while those with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. A pH level of 7.0 at 25°C is defined as "neutral" because the concentration of H3O + equals the concentration of OH - in pure water. Very strong acids might have a negative pH, while very strong bases might have a pH greater than 14.

pH Equation

The equation for calculating pH was proposed in 1909 by Danish biochemist Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen:

pH = - log[H+]

where log is the base-10 logarithm and [H+] stands for the hydrogen ion concentration in units of moles per liter solution. The term "pH" comes from the German word "potenz," which means "power," combined with H, the element symbol for hydrogen, so pH is an abbreviation for "power of hydrogen."

Examples of pH Values of Common Chemicals

We work with many acids (low pH) and bases (high pH) every day. Examples of pH values of lab chemicals and household products include:

0: hydrochloric acid

2.0: lemon juice

2.2: vinegar

4.0: wine

7.0: pure water (neutral)

7.4: human blood

13.0: lye

14.0: sodium hydroxide