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18 May, 12:09

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when

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  1. 18 May, 12:15
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    A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.

    Explanation:

    There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:

    ΔG = Gibbs free energy

    A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.

    The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS

    ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.

    ΔH < 0 → Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored

    T → Temperature

    ΔS → Entropy → Degree of disorder of a system.

    When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.

    When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.

    The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.

    ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction

    ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction

    ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium
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