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2 November, 23:23

Which are the hybrid orbitals of the carbon atoms in the following molecules? (a) H3C-CH3 sp sp2 sp3 (b) H3C-CH═CH2 sp sp2 sp3 (c) CH3-C≡C-CH2OH sp sp2 sp3 (d) CH3CH═O sp sp2 sp3

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  1. 3 November, 00:39
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    (a) sp³ sp³

    H₃C - CH₃

    (b) sp³ sp²

    H₃C - CH = CH₂

    sp²

    (c) sp³ sp

    H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH

    sp sp³

    (d) sp³ sp²

    H₃C - CH=O

    Explanation:

    Alkanes or the carbons with all the single bonds are sp³ hybridized.

    Alkenes or the carbons with double bond (s) are sp² hybridized.

    Alkynes or the carbons with triple bond are sp hybridized.

    Considering:

    (a) H₃C-CH₃, Both the carbons are bonded by single bond so both the carbons are sp³ hybridized.

    Hence,

    sp³ sp³

    H₃C - CH₃

    (b) H₃C-CH=CH₂, The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp² hybridized because they are bonded by double bond.

    Hence,

    sp³ sp²

    H₃C - CH = CH₂

    sp²

    (c) H₃C-C≡C-CH₂OH, The carbons of the methyl group and alcoholic group are sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp hybridized because they are bonded by triple bond.

    Hence,

    sp³ sp

    H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH

    sp sp³

    (d) CH₃CH=O, The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The other carbon is sp² hybridized because it is bonded by double bond to oxygen.

    Hence,

    sp³ sp²

    H₃C - CH=O
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